腹壁可触及肿物的超声鉴定（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 胃尿管上皮细胞A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )胃尿管上皮细胞见于胃和十二指肠错综复杂，一般来说地所在位置胃尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于数地所在位置胃下。这些上皮细胞可观感为完全无回声或高回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 所示11A，胃尿管上皮细胞，此上皮细胞已受感染，外部成份即便如此回声的液体。B，胃尿管上皮细胞，紧绷的上皮细胞前壁产生反射伪影。

..Endometriosis睾丸乳腺高血压Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有睾丸乳腺高血压是睾丸手术后的长期以来合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前手术的瘢痕所在位置见一局部肿物，并有连续性的眼部和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 所示12 ，剖宫产左眼所在位置睾丸乳腺高血压

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于猝死性咳嗽后、不由自主或中风猝死后，其所谓一般来说是抗凝疗法或出血性性疾病。由于血肿允许于腹直肌鞘内，一般来说不很大，其形状根据所所在位置一段距离而定，在交叉支线以上，血肿常为卵形，长轴呈上下方向，可于中间见到（所示13A）；在交叉支线以下，由于腹白支线缺如，可扩展横过中支线，因此血肿观感为分网状，其最大阔度地所在位置横轴上。在早产儿面有血肿可见于胃上斜向扩展（所示13B、C）。术后发散性血管内血栓形成的病人可于面有手术瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（所示13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 所示13A，一中年妇女炽热咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头请示腹横皮下。B，早产儿面有血肿。C，一早产儿胃脊柱附着所在位置右边的面有血肿。UV，胃脊柱。D，一发散性血管内血栓形成的剖宫产术后病人额头所在位置面有血肿。

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